Essay about Nokia Research - 1242 Words

ASSIGNMENT -1 Name – Sunita Uikey Roll No - 155 MIM Subject - Research Methodology Exercise 1: Make up 3 different situations in which motivation to work would be an independent variable, moderating variable and dependent variable. Solution - Dependent Variable - A manager observes that motivation to work among the Employees is increased if he increases their working environment, Salary and perks. Independent variable- Performance of employees increased if they are motivated. Moderating Variable- For employees having second source of income/salary, the motivation may or may be a driving factor Intervening Variable- Employees perform better if they are provided with good working conditions, better pay i.e.†¦show more content†¦The article that he read on job performance frequently mentioned four variables as important to job performance; skills required for the job, rewards, motivation and satisfaction. In several of the articles it was also indicated that only if the reward were valiant (attractive) to the recipients did motivation, satisfaction, and job performance increase not otherwise. Given the above situation, do the following: 1) Define the problem. 2) Evolve a theoretical framework. 3) Develop at least 6 hypotheses. Solution : Problem statement: How can the job performance (output) of the employees be increased through enriched jobs and rewards? Dependent Variable (DV): Job performance of employees Independent Variable (IV): Skills required for the job, rewards. Moderating Variable (MV): Attractiveness of the rewards Intervening Variable (IVV): motivation and satisfaction Fig:- Motivation, Satisfaction (IVV) Motivation, Satisfaction (IVV) Job Performance or Low output of employees (DV) Job Performance or Low output of employees (DV) Skills, Rewards (IV) Skills, Rewards (IV) Attractive Rewards (MV) Attractive Rewards (MV) Hypothesis: 1) Employee job performance will increase or decrease if they are given attractive rewards. [Relational hypothesis](IV effecting DV positively or negatively). 2) Job skills and Rewards will improve the job performance and output of the employee. [Causal hypothesis]. (change in IVShow MoreRelatedMarketing Research on Nokia12922 Words   |  52 PagesStudy 2. Introduction 2.1 Nokia 2.1.1Nokia Vision/Mission Statement 2.1.2 About the Company 2.1.3History of Nokia 2.1.4Company Profile 2.1.5SWOT Analysis 2.2Introduction to Marketing 2.3Market Segmentation 2.3.1Considerations for Market Segmentation 2.3.2Segmentation Basis 2.3.3Effective Segmentation 2.4Market Segmentation for Nokia 2.4.1Segmentation of Nokia 2.4.2Nokia mobile phones by Series 2.4.3Lifestyle and Psychographic Basis for Nokia 2.4.4The Segmentation of Nokia conducted on the basis ofRead MoreThe Decision Of Microsoft Discontinuing The Nokia Brand1464 Words   |  6 Pagestelecommunication value chain and Nokia, who required an ally of strong financial capability. Six month later, Microsoft decided to move away from the Nokia brand - switching the name of smartphones from â€Å"Nokia Lumia† to â€Å"Microsoft Lumia† while still using ‘Nokia’ for low-end basic phone (T, 2014). 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SometimesRead MoreTBS 920 International Business Strategy :Nokia India Country Strategy1498 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Strategy of Nokia in India SWOT PESTEL analysis Recommendations References 2 Company profile †¢ Formed in 1865 by mining engineer Fredrik Idestam in a village named Nokia in Southwestern Finland †¢ First business was in wood pulp mill †¢ In 1920, Finnish Rubber Works was acquired by Nokia †¢ 1922, Finnish cable works merged in Nokia and Nokia was know as footwear (galoshes) and tyres, went on to manufacture rubber bands, industrial parts and raincoats. †¢ Nokia Ab, Finnish CableRead MoreWada1669 Words   |  7 Pagesrequires some definition of leadership that may create actions within an organization. These actions could likely effect the organizations meaning, cultural positioning, or even the existence of the business itself. (Sheffield, 2011) Samsung and Nokia faced several pressures, internal and external due to a continuous growth of the technology market. Those will be analyzed in this paper. DRIVERS OF CHANGE: 1. External Factor: It includes competition, external market situation, global economyRead MoreEssay on Samsung 5forces1418 Words   |  6 Pagesmobile phone. Abstract This essay analyses the Samsung Mobile company by applying Porters Five forces. Also each factor will be compared with Apple and Nokia which are competitive companies in the mobile industry and the strength of Samsungs strategic position will be demonstrated. Introduction Samsung Electronics, Apple and Nokia are the competitive mobile companies. To compare each companys strategic position Samsung was chosen. Although many components are needed to make mobile phones;Read MoreInternational Business- How Nokia Seeks Global Business Advantage Through Spulber’s, (2007) ‘Star Analysis’ and Any Other Relevant Theory.1574 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Business- How Nokia seeks Global business advantage through Spulber’s, (2007) ‘Star Analysis’ and any other relevant theory. Mobile phone giant Nokia, a multinational corporation based in Espoo, Finland and is currently the world’s largest manufacturer boasting a market share of 31% worldwide (www.Nokia.com/Results, 2011). Despite Nokia being regarded amongst the most successful and economically dependent brand within Finland, it was the corporation’s Global strategy that would lead

What Is Sex Trafficking Essay - 2380 Words

What is Sex Trafficking? Sex trafficking has many definitions when looked up and there has yet to be a definite internationally used definition, but the overall main meaning found throughout all is the act of forcing a person through violence, manipulation, drugs, threats, etc. to perform sexual acts of all types against their wills; and as said by George in Sex Trafficking and Sex Work: Definitions, Debates and Dynamics — A Review of Literature it is when â€Å"primarily women and children are coerced or deceived for the purpose of commercial sex exploitation.† Sex trafficking is clearly a violation of a person’s human rights and is a type of modern slavery that unfortunately countless of people have to become victims of. People from all over the world are potential victims of sex trafficking and therefore it is very hard to accurately develop a number of exactly how many sex trafficking victims there are. However, as read in The Case of the Missing Case: Examin ing the Civil Rights of Action for Human Trafficking Victims by Nam â€Å"the U.S State Department estimates that 800,00 human beings are trafficked across international borders each year. An estimated 80% of these transnational trafficking victims are female, and an estimated 70% of those females are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation.† The sex trafficking victims found in all these places have one way or another fallen into the hands of sex traffickers. Some of the common ways these people, unfortunately, fallShow MoreRelatedSex Trafficking: What The Law Should Be1771 Words   |  8 Pages The act of sex trafficking has been around for many years and has always been a problem. This industry has harmed millions of people lives each year and yet there is still little action being done to stop it. Trafficking is defined as the act of forcing a person to do something, and in this case it is forcing people to sell their bodies for sex (Morrison 9). The industry o f sex trafficking was originally started in 1994 and makes a preposterous amount of money, which ranges from five to sevenRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Common Issue For A Long Time1394 Words   |  6 Pages Sex trafficking can happen everywhere. People do not even realize when it is happening. Someone could be living their life, just as they normally do, and decided to go to the mall. Sometimes they may not even know that a little kid is going to be kidnapped, and later raped. This is what sex trafficking is. Sex trafficking is commonly defined as when violence, drugs, lies, or any other form of coercion is used to force another person to have sex against their will. (Sex Trafficking in the U.S, 1)Read MoreEssay on The New Slave: Sex Trafficking in America910 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Slaves: Sex Trafficking in America When most Americans hear the term ‘sex trafficking’ thoughts of helpless women and children in poor, developing, countries come to mind. However, most Americans would be downright shocked and dismayed to learn that many victims of sex trafficking reside right here in the United States. Moreover, many of the victims of sex trafficking in America were victimized by other Americans. This is a pressing national issue to which neither small, rural towns or largeRead MoreSex Trafficking Is The Trade Of Humans Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesSex Trafficking     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sex trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal.Sex trafficking is a very dangerous thing to be going on in this world.   Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. The Metro-AtlantaRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Sex Trafficking1199 Words   |  5 PagesChild Sex Trafficking Have you ever walked into Wal-Mart and taken the time to look at the numerous pictures of missing youth that is plastered on the wall? When looking at how long they have been missing, it ranges anywhere from months to years. Looking at their age, both boys and girls, it is hard not to wonder if these kids are being trafficked. Child sex trafficking, also known as human trafficking, is a major issue that is not only plaguing the United States, but the world. ResidingRead MoreSex And Sex Trafficking1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Poverty has on Sex Trafficking Suffering from poverty makes life unbearable at times and is hard to escape from. Most individuals that live in poverty are vulnerable and have little hope to improve their lives. Being vulnerable and having no hope for life can often leads to desperation. Sex trafficking and become a means of survival for these individuals. Low income is a major cause for sex trafficking. Sex trafficking can become a reason for a single mother to feed her children or canRead MorePersuasive Essay On Sex Trafficking1094 Words   |  5 PagesSex trafficking is becoming more and more of a problem as time moves on. Sex trafficking is the recruitment, harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act, in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion [Internet Safety 101]. Sex trafficking is increasing due to the evolution of modern day social services and sources. From safety sources, it is the 2nd fastest growing criminal indus try [Internet Safety 101]. More andRead MoreSex Trafficking And The United States1672 Words   |  7 Pageshuman sex trafficking, they think of heinous acts that take place in other countries where adults, children, girls and boys are exploited to perform sexual acts in exchange for money or goods against their will. They think it typically occurs in places that are less developed than the United States. However, the reality of this horrific crime is that it is taking place in the United States, and it occurs more and more each and every day. Young girls are not solely the victim of human sex traffickingRead MoreChild Sex Trafficking And Human Trafficking1096 Words   |  5 PagesChild Sex Trafficking Have you ever walked into Wal-Mart and taken the time to look at the numerous pictures of missing youth that is plastered on the wall? When looking at how long they have been missing, it ranges anywhere from months to years. Looking at their age, both boys and girls, it’s hard not to wonder if they have been kidnapped and are being trafficked. Child sex trafficking also known as human trafficking is a major issue that is not only plaguing the United States, but alsoRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Modern Day1360 Words   |  6 Pages In current day and age, sex trafficking is referred to as â€Å"modern-day† slavery, where sex is sold through the use of forcible behavior, and the victim is coerced by those running the deals. According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, the term sex trafficking is defined as, â€Å"the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purposes of a commercial sex act, in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion

Who is to blame for their deaths Essay Example For Students

Who is to blame for their deaths? Essay William Shakespeare is one of the most famous authors of all time. His intelligence, imagination, creativity, and many other skills are applauded by readers until this day. Shakespeares plays are traditionally organized into three groups: Comedies, Histories and Tragedies. Shakespearean tragedy usually depicts a central character in the play that falls from grace and dies, along with a fair proportion of the rest of the cast. In other words, it is a drama with a necessarily unhappy ending. Shakespeare wrote tragedies from the beginning of his career: one of his earliest plays was the Roman tragedy Titus Andronicus, and he followed it a few years later with Romeo and Juliet. This is possibly one of his most recognized plays in modern times. Shakespeare shows his dramatic skill freely in Romeo and Juliet, providing intense moments of shift between comedy and tragedy, and weaving plots and subplots to paint a clearer picture of the story. It is mainly a romantic tragedy, based on the lives of two teenagers; madly in love with one another. It is cased on the rivalry between their families, the Montagues and the Capulets, and how that led to quite complicated circumstances for both of them. Unknowingly, other characters such as the church Friar and Juliets Nurse contributed to the tragedy in one way or another, and finally resulted in their deaths. The two families are left distorted and dismayed in the end, with no choice but to accept the facts and make peace, although at a hefty price; the lives of their two young children. The epic tragedy in the play may have been avoided, if it werent for the hasty decisions and recklessness of some of the characters. Blame; this word means to hold responsible. Quite a few of the characters share the blame for the deaths but which of them were prime suspects? Was it Friar Lawrence, whose careless thinking caused the situation to worsen? Or was it the Nurse who didnt play quite an important role in the play but encouraged Juliet in her romantic ideas? Or was it Romeo, whose impetuosity cost him, as well as others, a hefty price? Last but not the least; was it just simple fate that led to the unfortunate scene? These accusations will be closely examined in this essay. It will then help you to find out what role they played in the deaths and could they have been avoided? Some characters have very little to do with the plot but they have the plot revolving around them. Friar Lawrence is one such character. As a member of the Order of St. Francis, a group of wise and generous priests, Romeo and Juliet trusted Friar Laurence completely, turning to him for advice, and solutions. Romeo approaches the friar in Act 2 scene 3, to get some guidance about Juliet. Romeo greets the Friar Good morrow, father, and Friar Lawrence responds by calling Romeo young son. It is not just the exchange between the priest and the penitent. The Friar also stands in for Romeos own father since there are no scenes between Romeo and his parents. Father and son relationships at this time may not have been strong and also, religion was quite important in the upbringing of the children at this period. The Friar is the only person to whom Romeo turns for advice, and he is the last person to whom Juliet turns after all others have forsaken her. In this sense, he is father to them bot h and responsible for their actions. He is suspicious of Romeos sudden change of heart. He knows that Romeo has been craving for Rosaline and he tells Romeo that Rosaline did not return his love because she could tell that it did read by rote, that could not spell. By this, he meant that he was never really in love with Rosaline and that he was just repeating empty words he didnt really understand. This made him even more doubtful about Romeos newly found love, and he was right to do so, considering Romeos thoughtless personality. Nevertheless, he decides to marry Romeo and Juliet, hoping to end the feud between the two families. Through his words, Friar Lawrence demonstrates the he is a good intentioned, yet sometimes short-sighted, man who is not afraid to take risks to help others; But come, young waverer, come, go with me, In one respect Ill thy assistant be; For this alliance may so happy prove To turn your households rancor to pure love. Although it was unintentional, Friar Lawrences decision was the spark that made these unfortunate events to slowly unfold. At the same time, the Friar recognizes that the use of the tradition of matrimony in such an evasive manner may very well have terrible consequences. He worries that this will definitely result in a sad ending; So smile the heavens upon this holy act, That after hours with sorrow chide us not! Shortly after that, in the next act, Tybalt is slayed by the angry Romeo. Thereafter, he rushes to the Friars cell hoping to find a way out if this horrible situation. O deadly sin! O rude unthankfulness! Thy fault our law calls death; but the kind Prince, And turnd that black word death to banishment (Friar Lawrence) Friar Lawrence is astounded by Romeos actions and tells him that he is lucky to have not been sentenced to death. Instead of telling him to flee from Verona, as he has already been banished, the Friar advices him to go spend his honeymoon night with Juliet, before he can leave for Mantua. Although, he knows that the marriage will be ended unless the couple consummates their vows with each other, this act of his proves to be most dangerous for Romeo as well as Juliet. Going to the Capulet home was risky before Tybalts death, after his banishment, being discovered at the Capulet home is a certain death sentence for Romeo. Committing suicide EssayIf all else fail, myself have power to die. The nurse proved to be the reason why Juliet considered death as a resort and if by any chance, this whole episode might not have happened, Juliet would still be alive and the story would have continued. The next time she saw Juliet was on her death bed, and even now, she was comical about the whole situation. This was really surprising as this shows that she does not care as much for Juliet as was first thought. Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant, The County Paris hath set up his rest That you shall rest but little Ay, let the County take you in your bed For the audience, she is both entertaining and irritating. For Juliet, she is mother and friend, companion and betrayer. She was in total control of Juliets actions, until she upset her. This was also one of the reasons that led to Juliets death. She molded Juliets faith, just as the Friar did so to Romeo. Finally, Romeo and his impetuous behavior, openly made himself look more foolish and his rash decisions settled the tale. First of all, Romeo is preceded by his reputation as a lover. He is shown as lovesick, at the start of the play, and that to for a girl (Rosaline), who apparently doesnt even know him. Once Romeo sees Juliet at the ball, the true love he feels for her completely overwhelms his obsession for Rosaline. After he boldly kisses Juliet, Romeo is ready to pursue her full throttle. Can I go forward when my heart is here? Turn back, dull earth, and find thy center out Here Romeo refers to himself as dull earth, a being that is lifeless and requires its center, Juliet to feel alive. He scales the orchard wall to see her again. This act demonstrates his bravery. The threats of danger and death do not frighten him from his pursuit. This theme goes on for the rest of the play and his bravery, leads him too far into enemy lines, and in the end, proves to be his misfortune. Though motivated by love, Romeo is also the only man who kills two people in the play, first Tybalt and in the end, Paris. This shows that he can go to any extent when he is in rage. Thats how he kills Tybalt. Had he not been so reckless to do so, he would not have been banished in the first place and this might have affected what had happened in the end, as his banishment was actually the bottom-line that made Juliet drink the potion, as a result of which caused misunderstandings and made Romeo kill himself. However, the death that Romeo causes at the end of the play is under quite different circumstances. It is not as rash as Tybalts, but his state of mind is quite similar as it was previously. He kills Paris not for revenge, but because Paris is barring him from entering the Capulet tomb. He begs Paris to retreat and warns him of the danger. In essence he says, I have no quarrel with you. Dont get in my way, because Im here to kill myself. He does not wish to murder an innocent man and he tries to reason with Paris. In the short span of the play a mere four days Romeo experiences a lifetime of emotions. He starts out in love with one girl (Rosaline), decides he likes another one better (Juliet), marries her but doesnt let anyone know about it, gets his best friend killed (Mercutio), kills his wifes cousin (Tybalt), runs off, returns, kills his wifes suitor (Paris), thinks his wife is dead, doesnt check, and commits suicide. Eventually, the reason for which the final 3 deaths had occurred was Romeo not receiving the letter and in turn, his careless decision to commit suicide for his beloved wife. If he had thought about the situation for even a few moments and used some degree of common sense, the killings could have been prevented and Romeo and Juliet could have lived happily ever after. Romeos indecisiveness leads him to disastrous consequences, and because both he and Juliet were quite young at the time, their matu rity and influential state of minds had let them down. Even though these characters could be held responsible for the deaths, Fate also played a key role in the deaths. Condemning the lovers right from the very beginning, fate plays a role all the way through. The prologue describes Romeo and Juliet as A pair of star-crossd lovers, as though there fates had already been mapped out by the stars. Just these few words state the extent that fate will play. Or Mercutios curse can be blamed. A plague O both your houses Following this is Friar Johns unbelievable misfortune as he finds himself trapped in a house of plague on his way to Mantua. The letter is never received which allows Balthasar to unknowingly ruin the plan, by telling Romeo of Juliets death. This is an excellent example of dramatic irony that occurs towards the end of the play. Each of these aspects of fate play an important role leading to the storys conclusion, but without the actions of other characters their contribution would be meaningless. In my opinion, Friar Lawrences spontaneity led to the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet. His perfect plan to possibly end the feud between the families finally put him in such a mess that he was the sole contender that could be rightly blamed for their deaths. Had he not married Romeo and Juliet without informing the families, had he not been so irresponsible to make sure Romeo got the letter and if he didnt leave Juliet alone in her tomb to have no choice but to die, there wouldnt have been such a tragic end to the epic love story of Romeo and Juliet.

Recovering the Satellites free essay sample

With Recovering the Satellites, the Counting Crows create a truly outstanding album that will forever be recognized as a novelty. From beginning to end, the Crows manage to fascinate and attract undivided attention to their perfect blend of excellent musicianship and admirable songwriting. It is obvious in every song that Adam Duritz has mastered the art of songwriting and knows how to appeal to, and even soothe, his listeners with sweet, immaculate sounds. Beginning with a heated Catapult and concluding nicely with the melancholy Walkaways, the Crows have composed an unprecedented mix of Americano, funk, hard-rock and even country. Few bands have fared so well in creating new sounds, and practically none has created one so beautiful, or timeless, as Recovering the Satellites. Daylight Fading exemplifies the optimal mixture of Americano rock and country themes as Duritz describes the wonder of the constantly changing seasons. Daylight Fading surprises the listener by making a flawless transition into the awesome Im Not Sleeping that is but another indicator of the Crows ability to create novel mixes of styles while maintaining their own distinct sound and quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Recovering the Satellites or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The song begins softly with strings and a commanding electric guitar that all lead gracefully into utter jamming, and then back again to create yet another fusion of tension and intensity. This is one of those rare songs that will strike the listeners interest even before they hear the first word because of its true musicianship. But fortunately, the first word, the last word, and all the words in between are filled with beauty as they are cried out passionately and sincerely. The album eventually culminates after a profusion of notable songs, with the hit single A Long December. There is perhaps no better way to end an album marked by thorough beauty than with a simple, sing-along ballad like A Long December. Recovering the Satellites was released in 1996 and remains one of my favorite albums. It has stood the test of time and proven to be a real masterpiece.

Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter Puritanism Vs. Romanticism And Reflection

to combat that ideal when he places Pearl above the rest of the children in intelligence, free spirit, beauty and kindness. The traits of intelligence and free spirit are a direct link the ideals of the Romantic writers of the time. Pearl could always be found in the forest, "And she was gentler here [the forest] than in the ... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter Puritanism Vs. Romanticism And Reflection Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter Puritanism Vs. Romanticism And Reflection â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† in 1850 in the highly religious area of New England. When it was written many people judged the novel solely on its story telling, whereas ignoring the loads of hidden themes that Hawthorne placed in the novel. â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† by Nathaniel Hawthorne has many different themes contained in the novel, but the themes of Puritanism vs. Romanticism and the theme of reflection are the most prevalent. The Scarlet Letter is chock full of symbolism. Hawthorne uses people and objects and makes them symbolic of events and thoughts. Throughout the course of the book, Hawthorne uses Hester, Pearl, and Arthur Dimmesdale to signify and contrast both the Puritanical and Romantic philosophies. Hester Prynne, as seen by Puritanism is an extreme sinner; she has gone against the Puritan way of life, committing adultery. For this harsh sin, she must wear a symbol of shame for the rest of her life. However, the Roman tic philosophies of Hawthorne contrast the Puritanical beliefs. She is a beautiful, young woman who has sinned, but is forgiven in the eyes of most. Hawthorne portrays Hester as a someone who can do wrong with her daughter. Not only Hester, but also the physical scarlet letter, the badge of shame, is shown through the author's tone and word choice as a beautiful, gold and colorful piece attached with gold thread, thus giving the scarlet letter A a majestic tone when Hester wears it. Pearl, Hester's child, is viewed as a child of sin by the Puritans, and who should be treated ugly, evil, and shamed. Hawthorne however words to combat that ideal when he places Pearl above the rest of the children in intelligence, free spirit, beauty and kindness. The traits of intelligence and free spirit are a direct link the ideals of the Romantic writers of the time. Pearl could always be found in the forest, "And she was gentler here [the forest] than in the ...

Linux can help you

Linux can help you Reasons Linux Can Help You Become a Better Student It’s time for the school calendar year to kick off and may high school and university students around the world certainly have loads of thoughts about what awaits them. The thought of classes’ every day, home works, tests, seminars and so much more. However ease on the worry as we are about to show you ways how Linux can make your study year easy. We do know that apps can be of great assistance and giving us a great school experience.   Have you considered adding an operating system that can make the difference? Most people are stuck with Windows and others are lovers of Mac OS X, well its time you try Linux, and see how great it will improve your learning year. Save Money on a New OS or Laptop Take a look at the market value of recent Window computers and Mac OS, it is clear that it will cost you a few hundred dollars for the windows and for the cheapest Mac you be set back at least a thousand bucks. Linux is free and can help you manage your budget effectively. Linux offers you a fully functional OS for free and there are free many apps that you can add to give you a nice browsing experience. Get a computer, OS, and apps for less amount of money which means you have more money for books and other necessary things required. It’s Easy to Use Linux have been degraded by so many lies and wrong information from people who know nothing about Linux. First they say it’s not user friendly and its all about the command line. In fact, you don’t need to touch the terminal in daily use and I can tell you that most of Linux distributions actually do rival Windows and OS X in visual appeal and friendliness. You can simply install basic software like LibreOffice and enjoy your surfing without any hitch of any kind. The old tales of Linux being a scary OS is in the past and everything have changed in recent years. It’s a common knowledge of the problems Windows pose with the latest being the troubleshooting problems with updates. For students time is very valuable and with Linux you do not have to deal with crazy problems like this. Improve Your Problem-Solving Skills Well like any other OS on your first attempt you definitely will spend some time learning some basic parameters and also availing yourself some basic problem solving techniques. Perfect skills for new students to have! Learning is a very interesting process and always not easy at the very beginning. So, if you looking to dive a little deeper into Linux, you will face some issues at the beginning but it’s ok! Learning about the Linux OS and comparing it to other well know OS out in the market will provide a more grounded base for you and this knowledge can be of great help within the school and outside environment. There are certain questions you will come to find answers to that will set you apart from your peers. Question like what are those folders in Linux Root Directory? Add to Your Geek Credentials Windows provide a wide range of base to cover if you chose to study it but if you want to be a certified geek, then you need to learn Linux. Doesn’t matter, if you are not in a computer related major! Learning about Linux is like visiting the core history of computing. Because you will touch on the branch of Unix which happen to be an earlier version. There is a huge community online that can help you with any information or questions. Learning Linux will open you up to the terminal. You will feel different when you are able to joggle through a bunch of operation using the command line. With some practice, you soon on your way to creating files and folders, installing software, and running system tools all with just a few keystrokes. This knowledge usually do not come in classrooms these days. Customize it to Your Needs No matter what your field of study is Linux is totally customizable to show your needs. So you can have complete control on how Linux looks. Linux offers loads of options for anyone wanting to tweak their OS. You can also create your own distro, burn it to a disc and install. I guess you must have find yourself in a situation where Windows refuse to allow you make some changes to some of its setting this also happens in Mac OS. So Linux definitely is what you need if you want to tweak your operating system to be just a certain way. With Linux your computer becomes a tool for help, with precise settings, software and setup you are sure to be a success. If you do not like one thing about Linux you can change it and then learn a new thing in the process.

Negotiation and communication skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Negotiation and communication skills - Essay Example This discussion presented a strategizing negotiation on the part of Chris as exemplified by his offer to possibly develop Mark’s involvement in the CI project at Jordan Tectonics. There is also an aspect of planning in the discussion as evident in Chris’ remarks to coordinate with both Vincent and Frank Edwards, who are both keen on the project of broadening the computer base of their company with the mentioned CI project. This is an interesting case presented in a concise manner. The temperamental talent definitely speaks of Mark, Jordan Tectonic’s lead software designer. The problem stems from Mark’s diverse characteristics bordering on genius and hard to manage (temperamental). He possesses an attitude problem but also possesses an exemplary talent needed by the company to work on the required tasks. Further, in the point of view of Chris, the Head for Research and Development, the company could not afford to lose Mark – knowing that their competitors are luring him to join their team. Actually, this case presented facts which provide a good discourse for identifying negotiation and communication skills. However, other than that, I honestly believe that this scenario is also a good material for a case in human behaviour in organizations. The firm would have to decide which to prioritize – depending on their mission and vision statements, as well as their code of discipline – talent or attitude. Further, this case made me reflect on Chris’ remark that the company cannot afford to lose Mark. There are ethical issues involved as well as the concept of indispensability. Is there really such thing as being indispensable? Could Jordan utilize other alternatives like recruiting and training other personnel as software designer to be better equipped and who has a better personality in terms of possessing people-relation skills. If not, should the

Argument For Legalization of Gay Marriage Essay

Argument For Legalization of Gay Marriage - Essay Example Although most people do not support the legalization of gay marriage, this treatise argues that it ought to be legalized since it is their civil right, which is entirely different from religious beliefs. As the paper unfolds, reasons given by critics on why gay marriage should not be legalized will be counterattacked by supporting arguments. Same-sex couples should be treated equally and allowed full benefits of marriage without being seen as inferior or immoral as they help in adopting children, bringing up open-minded children, contributing financially through taxation, and due to the fact that failing to support them is a direct violation of their human rights. Discussion It is the contention of this treatise that gay marriage should be legalized because of the numerous benefits that come with it. For instance, same-sex marriages help in ensuring that cases of children adoption are heightened. Critics argue that gay marriages promote immorality among children who end up following similar routes (White 241-242). However, this is a baseless and fallacious argument, considering that gay marriage helps in ensuring that homeless children get loving families who can take care of them just like other children coming from straight family backgrounds. Additionally, the choice to be gay is optional and not imposed on anyone. Therefore, alleging that the act promotes immorality as children adopted end up being gay is an irrational argument that should not be put into consideration. It should be noted that gay marriage helps in encouraging solid family values as it leads to an increased number of children adopted. Additionally, most people argue that gay marriages ought not to be legalized since it goes against the moral as well as the definition of marriage. They also allege that it ends up destroying the sanctity of a society and family values. Others go ahead to allege that it is against religious ideologies such as Islam and Catholicism (Andryszwski 33-34). However, this is an equally unfounded point considering that religious and civil marriages are separate institutions. Today, most couples do not require religious leaders to be present in their wedding; therefore, the grounds of law and religion are two separate entities. Furthermore, though religious beliefs are important, it is to be understood that not all people are religious or believe in the doctrines of the church. Therefore, failing to support such groups is a direct violation of their freedom. Though most people strongly believe that children need both parents, the American Psychological Association claims that girls who are raised without the support of their fathers are at high risk of getting involved in sexual activities (American Psychological Association). Additionally, critics often argue that gay households do not offer an appropriate environment for raising children. Again, this is rather a biased, baseless, and irrational observation as studies carried out on children rai sed from same-sex households’ shows that children from such families feel empathetic and open-minded as compared to other children (DeMotier). This is because the quality of family relationships is more crucial among those children than the structure. Additionally, according to the Human Rights Campaign Foundation, children who are raised by gay families perform just as well as those raised by straight families (Knox and Schacht 263).

US faces worst recession in 26 years Essay Example for Free

US faces worst recession in 26 years Essay The United States is once again experiencing a recession similar to what happened in 1982. The Treasury and Federal Reserve Offices are caught in surprise as they did not expect the economy to take such a fast and dramatic collapse as it has been doing for the past months. As a result, there has been a slowing down of retail sales as consumer confidence collapses. People are not spending as much as before. They are not using their credit cards and making loans as often. Home prices are going down. Foreign demand is also weakening. Alan Blinder, a professor at Princeton and former Fed vice-chairman, is certain that the country will face a recession worse than in 2001 or 1990 but the concern now, according to him, is making sure that this recession is less deep and less long than the 1982 recession. The government has put into action the $100 billion rescue plan to stabilize the banking system and hopes that it will improve things in the next few weeks. Columbia professor and former Fed governor, Frederic Mishkin, believes that in spite the bailout, the damage has been done already so that the future still looks uncertain. In the meantime, the possibility of rising unemployment rates threatens to deepen the housing slump, depress mortgage rates and increase non-payments of consumer loans. Nevertheless, Fed officials continue to look for ways and options to improve the economic outlook of the future. I agree with the writer’s views that the economic recession exists and that it is bound to get worse even as Fed officials are doing as much as they can to at least soften the blow of the crisis. No one can deny it as we feel it everyday through stories of friends or their parents who got laid-off, who have to move because they cannot pay their house mortgages anymore or those who could not pay their credit card interests anymore. However, the economic recession that the country is experiencing today can be looked upon as just another financial problem for the United States. In the history of modern America, the country has undergone one economic crisis after another, but is still able to rise above each one. For years before every economic downturn, the country has grown and improved. One cannot always be moving up. One has to fall sometimes. The crisis today is a good wake-up call to Americans who have become too comfortable with being citizens of a rich country so that they simply buy things on credit, confident that they would always find the means to pay for them because salaries would keep increasing and their standard of living would only keep improving. A recession makes the people conscious of their spending habits and maybe this is why after a while, the economy grows again. When all of America learns to be more conservative about their spending and become more conscious of how they manage their money, the economy would improve. Reference Guha, Krishna. (19 October 2008). â€Å"US faces worst recession in 26 years,† The Financial Times. Last updated on October 19, 2008. Accessed from http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/232eb4de-9e20-11dd-bdde-0077b07658. html? nclick_check=1

Man and Nature in Stephen Cranes The Blue Hotel and The Open Boat Essa

Man and Nature in The Blue Hotel and The Open Boat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stephen Crane uses a massive, ominous stove, sprawled out in a tiny room and burning with "god-like violence," as a principal metaphor to communicate his interpretation of the world. Full of nearly restrained energy, the torrid stove is a symbol of the burning, potentially eruptive earth to which humans "cling" and of which they are a part. As a literary naturalist, Crane interpreted reality from a Darwinian perspective, and saw the earth driven by adamant natural laws, violent and powerful laws which are often hostile to humans and their societies, and he conceived of humans as accidents, inhabiting a harsh, irrational, dangerous world. Crane's famous depiction of the world is this: It is "a whirling, fire-smote, ice-locked, disease-stricken, space-lost bulb" (Crane 783). With two of his short stories, "The Blue Hotel" and "The Open Boat," Crane explores how humans react when the stove bursts and natural flames blaze furiously; Crane sets two different groups of men into situations in which the laws of nature are against them. The natural laws that govern the weather and the ocean storm against a group of men who are trying, albeit in an exhausted dinghy, to make the coast of Florida in the story "The Open Boat." In "The Blue Hotel," the animalistic laws that determine human behavior birth chaos among a group of strangers. One can readily see both similarities and differences in the reactions of the two groups of men to the world. That, in both stories, both groups of men are shocked and yet charmed by the violence of nature is an essential similarity; that in one story the men work together to save one another and in the other story the men beat ... ...red A. Knopf Inc., 1992.   Crane, Stephen. "The Open Boat." The University of Virginia Edition of the Works of Stephen Crane: Volume V, Tales of Adventure. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1970. Gerstenberger, Donna. "'The Open Boat': An Additional Perspective." Modern Fiction Studies 17 (1971-72):557-561. Gibson, William M., ed.   The Red Badge of Courage and Selected Prose and Poetry by Stephen Crane.   New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1950.   Halliburton, David.   The Color of the Sky: A Study of Stephen Crane.  Ã‚   New York:   Cambridge UP,   1989. Johnson, Paul. Modern Times, The World from the Twenties to the Eighties. New York: Harper Colophon Books, Harper and Row Publishers, 1983. Kent, Thomas L "The Problem of Knowledge in'The Open Boat'and 'The Blue Hotel." American Literary Realism 14 (1981): 262-268.   

Women 100 Years Ago and Women Today

Loftus 1 How Religion Has Affected My Life I've been going to church with my grandparents for as long as I can remember. I've always been a part of church related activities. We always said grace before we ate a meal. I said my prayers before I went to bed. I was baptized when I was born. I had my first communion. I was a very religious little kid and I always had God in my life. Of course, I only did all those things because I thought I was supposed to. I just thought it was something that everybody in the world did. But, as I got older I learned that it was all just a part of my religion.I also learned that not everyone had the same religion as I did. There were many different religions. There were even some people that didn't have a religion. Once I realized all of those things, I started asking questions. Why was I catholic? Why did I have to go to church every Sunday? Why is it so important? I asked my grandmother these questions and her only response was, â€Å"It's because Je sus died on the cross for us. † But I still had the question lingering in my head: Why? My mother and father never went to church with us. My mom would drop us off a religion classes but that was about it.When I asked my mom why she'd never gone to with us she had said, â€Å"I don't believe that you have to go to church every Sunday to show your appreciation for God. † That really had me thinking, if my mom and dad never went, did I really have to go? I certainly didn't like sitting in the cold for an hour listening to people singing terribly and other people talking about things I never understood. Always standing up and sitting down every couple of Loftus 2 minutes. It got very old, very fast. By the time I was a teenager, I got really tired of the same old thing.That's when it all started. At the age of thirteen all I wanted to do was hang out with my friends. They weren't the best of people but they accepted me and that's all I cared about. I started being more lik e them. Wearing all black, doing my make up really heavily, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, experimenting with drugs. I turned into the complete antithesis of the girl I was when I was younger. My family definitely started to notice. My mom and dad said it was just a phase but my grandmother thought I was starting to become a â€Å"devil worshiper†. She orced me to go to church with them. I was forced to go to religion class. I got the you-need-Jesus-in-your-life talk every time I was around my grandma. That is when I really started to resent everything that had to do with my religion. My grandmother had pushed me to my breaking point. I didn't want anything to do with God or Jesus. When asked, I always told people I didn't have a religion. I was against it. I refused to go to church or religion class. I stopped saying grace before I ate. I stopped saying prayers before I went to sleep. I even stopped believing there was a God.This caused a lot of tension between my gra ndmother and I. We never saw eye to eye on anything. We were always arguing over something. She always told me that she never thought she'd have a granddaughter like me. She expected me to be more of a lady. I couldn't stand being around her. I didn't tell her anything. She had forced religion on me to the point that I didn't want to have a religion anymore. It even caused me to think I hated her. You could only imagine how much harder it got once my mom lost our house and we had to move into my grandparent's house.I got so angry when my mom told me the news. All I wanted to do was scream. The thought of having to see my grandma every single day was terrifying. My life had gotten significantly more tough Loftus 3 at that point. When we moved in, I stayed in my room all the time. If I wasn't in my room, I was either at school or out with my friends. When dinner was ready I ate with my head down. Not speaking to or looking at anyone. My mom caught on real quickly. I remember one night she pulled me into her bedroom after dinner and asked me why I was acting so strangely.I poured my heart out and told her everything I was going through. She told me, â€Å"You need to stop hating your grandmother. She is getting older and her health is declining. She won't be here one day and you're going to regret not having a good relationship with her. You don't have to go to church every Sunday. You don't even need to go to religion class. You just need to respect the fact that your grandmother is just leading you by example. That's how she was raised. So, you need to stop getting angry at her and you need to start building a better relationship with her. That is the night that things got better. Every time I want to get angry with my grandma I remember what my mom told me and I haven't gotten angry with her since. I never got my faith back and there are still some things I can't tell my grandmother due to her being so religious. I would love to tell her that I'm engaged but, I can't because I'm a homosexual and I'm sure she'd disown me. But despite that, my grandmother and I are now on good terms. We talk on the phone more often since I moved away and I plan on visiting her whenever I make my trips back home.

Midwifery Today

Quilty_Lisa_MIDW127Page 1 of 6 Midwifery models of care monitor the physical, psychological and social aspects of women throughout childbearing years. Technological advances reflect differing opinions of physicians where intervening measures take choices out of women’s hands during birth, often neglecting needs turning a natural process into a medical procedure. This essay looks at choices offered to women in westernized countries choosing midwifery models, in stark contrast to an experience within hospital settings.It inspects beneficial impacts midwifery models have on refugee women and the importance of cultural safe midwifery models practiced in midwifery care in Australia. Financial recession threatens to impact on maternity services. This essay discusses this socio-political concern, and birthing women choosing midwifery lead care, its cost effectiveness and needs for change in indemnity insurance arrangements in Australia and abroad. With technological advancements, wom en are offered many choices medically to birth their babies without real reason to opt for such invasive procedures (Block, as cited in Chjnacki, 2010, pp. 3-54). Physician’s philosophy to pregnancy is commonly disease oriented focusing on diagnosis and treatment of problematic pregnancies and birth, managing affecting woman and foetus (Rooks, as cited in Chjnacki, 2010, p. 48). In contrast, midwives have a wellness approach to birth applying holistic care, trusting pregnant women and their ability to safely birth their babies where medical interventions are avoided (Hermer, as cited in Chjnacki, 2010, p. 48).Although midwifery may be recognized as acceptable, focus seems to surround the thought mother and baby won’t have appropriate attention if something went wrong under their care. Lubic (2010) writes, in Washington USA it has been noted that midwife managed birthing centres demonstrated how midwifery models impact lives of Page 2 of 6 women attending for the better . Women report coming out of care feeling respected and able to take charge of their own pregnancies, supported to birth their babies naturally without interventions. Woman centred care established through continuity of care, gains trust and recognises the other’s spiritual connection with her body and mind enhancing her natural birthing experience (Lubic, 2010). In Sweden pregnant women are encouraged to remain home until labour progresses to late stage avoiding unnecessary obstetric interventions. Women report fewer complications than those who are admitted to hospital for this phase (Carlsson, Ziegert, Sahlberg-Blom & Nissen, 2010, p. 86). It is not understood why women go to hospital while in early labour, other than through anxiety and to hand over control (Beebe et al. , as cited in Carlsson, 2010, p. 87).This becomes problematic for women and causes doubts about their body’s ability to progress through labour, if monitoring establishes it is not progressing (Eri , Blystad, Gjengedal & Blaaka, as cited in Carlsson, 2010, p. 87). Although labouring at home women felt they shared their uncertainties with midwives who were able to reassure them when in doubt, enabling them to then progress with their labour at home feeling confident with their own bodies progression (Carlsson, et al. , 2010). Carlsson (2010) states women reported to feel relaxed yet strengthened in their home environments, letting labour progress naturally.Despite health issues prevalent amongst refugee backgrounds, access to the appropriate health care can lead to significant improvements in reproductive health in women (Hymes, Sheik, Wilson & Speigel, as cited in Correa-Velez, 2011, p. 14). Refugee women settling in industrialised English speaking countries benefit significantly from midwifery models of care. It seems differences were evident in obstetric outcomes between these Page 3 of 6 women and women born in these countries (Small et al. , as cited in Correa-Velez, 2011, p. 14).Correa-Velez & Ryan (2011) suggest cultural competency or the degree to which these women are cared for, is of vital importance. Women report hospital stays as having negative impact on their well being and trust levels due to limited communication and cultural needs not being understood or met. The use of technical devices and lack of explanation for their use throughout labour was found to be distressing (Correa-Velez, 2011, p. 19). Trust, confidence and over all satisfaction were identified as important factors to women of refugee background, and thought to establish through continuity of care (Correa-Velez, 2011, p. 18).Women centred care improves communication, enhancing a sense of control enabling informed decision making (Harper et al. , & McCourt et al. , cited in Correa-Velez, 2011, p. 14). Relationships built around these midwifery models develop trust for women of immigrant backgrounds, aiding communication where it can be a barrier and interpreters may be needed. Availability of interpreters through community based practitioners was found to be limited or obtained through clumsy means (Correa-Velez, 2011, p. 16). Maternity services accessed in Australia come from a diverse range of women with specific needs (Phiri, Dietsch & Bonner, 2010, p. 05). The protection of cultural groups depends on cultural safe midwifery practice. Midwifery models identify women of all cultures as the main focus of care (Phiri, et al. , 2010, p. 109). Cultural safety essentially concerns a large understanding of individual respect, support, empowerment and upholding of human rights (Duffy, et al. , as cited in Phiri, et al. , 2010). Open and respectful communication clear and value free is fundamental in recognizing women’s requirements when planning individualized care, this is then incorporated into how cultural safe care is Page 4 of 6 instituted (De, et al. , as cited in Phiri, et al. 2010, p. 109). The uniqueness of midwives and women’s relation ships aids cultural safety, the relationship being enhanced by continuity of care (Eckermann, as cited in Phiri, et al. , 2010, p. 108). Deery & Kirkham (as cited in Phiri, et al. , 2010, p. 108) acknowledge how Australian midwifery models engage women individually, then respond appropriately to each woman’s cultural needs. Evidence shows midwifery driven models of care based on the midwife woman relationship leads to lower use of medical interventions, safer outcomes for mothers and babies and overall satisfaction, all at low maternity costs (Hatem, et al. as cited in Gould, 2011). Yet in the UK, where midwifery based care in maternity services are envied world wide, the financial recession threatens to be the largest risk (Gould, 2011). This highlights the need for midwifery models to be implemented and supported by all medical avenues, otherwise maternity services risk being pushed into large hospitals, where production line maternity care will be prevalent at costly effec ts (Gould, 2011) explains.This change would see an amalgamation of midwifery, medical and management structures, having potential to make long lasting impacts on the future of midwifery lead care where it becomes lost amongst medical models (Gould, 2011). The Australian College of Midwives, (ACM, 2008) outline how pregnant women and midwives suffer through the lack of professional indemnity insurance offered to midwives practicing privately. Sadly registered midwives frustrated at being unable to work to their full scope safely in private practices are choosing to stop practicing.Midwifery lead care is only available to a small number of women, as only few midwives work this way (ACM, 2011, p. 3). Research suggests midwives find there models extremely rewarding and those Page 5 of 6 who have left the midwifery profession would return if they were able to work under such midwifery models safely (Curtis, as cited in ACM, 2011, p. 3). Recent Federal Government recommendations in Austra lia recognise the need for midwives to take on primary care roles, and are considering changes to funding and indemnity insurance arrangements (Sutherland, et al. 2009, p. 637). Significant midwifery shortages particularly in rural areas combined with rising fertility rates could present significant reform challenges keeping maternity services under pressure if it continues unresolved (Australian Health Workforce Advisory Committee, as cited in Sutherland, et al. , 2009, p. 637). With some state based policy initiatives supporting midwifery care in the public sector, it seems women choosing ongoing care offering midwifery models through pregnancy, birth and postnatally still remains in discussion (Sutherland, et al. 2009, p. 638). Governments, health care providers and insurance companies limit maternal choice (Hermer, as cited in Chojnacki, 2010, p. 48). Hermer (as cited in Chojnacki, 2010) suggests as a pregnancy progresses in America, limitations for the women’s birth opti ons increase. A woman’s choice as to where and how she birth’s her baby may greatly be effected by the governing parties of a particular state (Hermer, as cited in Chojnacki, 2010, p. 59). Midwifery models of care offer women greater choice reflecting their own spiritual, religious, and feminist beliefs.It cannot be assumed how highly such values be ranked, and when in care of physicians, as patients it seems there is much misunderstanding (Cohen, as cited in Chjnacki, 2010, p. 51). This essay shows supporting evidence that midwives should be sole care providers for women experiencing normal pregnancies. Health care providers need to move away from such medical models of care relating to pregnant women, understanding that it is in fact normal for women to have babies. Evidence shows that women Page 6 of 6 f refugee history acknowledge midwifery models provide continuity of care that is needed for on going support during pregnancy (Correa-Velez, 2011, p. 13). This also applies to cultural safe models offered by midwives, and the ongoing relevance it has on Australia’s multi cultural nation (Phiri, et al. , 2009, p. 105). It is vital that these midwifery models become supported through governments backing, enabling midwifery care to become a choice all women have the privilege to make through their own individual circumstances.In accordance with my research, harsh reality is lack of insurance coverage may limit women’s options towards such significant happenings as birthing their babies, regardless of what is the best interest for them physically, mentally and spiritually (Law, as cited in Chojnacki, 2010, p. 75). Midwifery models of care will continue to play an important role in childbearing women worldwide, when choosing to remain in control of their own bodies capabilities or to simply have a choice. To what extent these models are advocated will greatly depend on individual governments, their change in policies, and financial sup port.Chojnacki (2010) concludes women choose their birthing options based on their spiritual, religious, political and feminist beliefs. Misunderstandings will remain between lawmakers, physicians and women as the importance of such opinions are trivialized (Cohen, as cited in Chojnacki, 2010, p. 51). Quilty_Lisa_MIDW127 References Australian College of Midwives. (2008). Submission to the Maternity Services Review 2008. Retrieved from http://www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/Content/maternityservicesreview-470/$FILE/470_Australian%20College%20of%20Midwives%20Student%20Advisory%20Committee. oc. Chojnacki, B. (2010). Pushing Back: Protecting Maternal Autonomy From the Living Room to the Delivery Room, Journal of Law and Health, 23 (45), 46- 78. Retrieved from http://develdrupal. law. csuohio. edu/currentstudents/studentorg/jlh/documents/5gChojnacki. pdf Phiri, J. , Dietsch, E. , & Bonner, A. (2009). Cultural safety and its importance for Australian midwifery practice. Women and Birth, 17 (3), 105-111. doi: 10. 1016/j. colegn. 2009. 11. 001 Correa-Velez, I. , & Ryan, J. (2011).Developing a best practice model of refugee maternity care. Royal College of Nursing, Australia: Elsevier, 25 (1), 13-22. doi: 10. 1016/j. wombi. 2011. 01. 002 Sutherland, G. , Yelland, J. , Wiebe, J. , Kelly, J. , Marlowe, P. , & Brown, S. (2009). Role of general practitioners in primary maternity care in South Australia and Victoria. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 49 (6), 637-641. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1479-828X. 2009. 01078x Carlsson, I. , Ziegert, K. , Sahlberg-Blom, E. , & Nissen, E. (2010).Maintaining power: Women’s experiences from labour onset before admittance to maternity ward. Quilty_Lisa_MIDW127 School of Social and Health Sciences, Halmstad University Sweden. Elsevier. 28 (1), 86-92. doi: 10. 1016/j. midw. 2010. 11. 011 Lubic, R. (2010). The family health and birth centre – a nurse-midwife-managed centre in Washington , DC: Perspectives on Nursing Practice. Alternative Therapies, 16 (5). Retrieved from http://www. scribd. com/InnoVision%20Health%20Media/d/37370523-The-Family- Health-and-Birth-Center%E2%80%94A-Nurse-

Free Essays on There Are No Permanent Allies, No Permanent Enemies Only Permanent Interests

"There are no permanent allies, no permanent friends, only permanent interests", is a clichà © which quite often describes the behavior pattern of nations. This is because it is the interest of a nation that governs its behavior in a given situation. Therefore the interests of a nation remain paramount. The status allies and enemies keep changing depending on what suits the nations interest best. Modern history has several examples to prove the above stated point. The Afghanistan war of 1979 is a good example to prove it. Soviet Union had many interests in Afghanistan and one of them was to spread the theory of communism and make it one of its satellite nations. The United States was pursuing a policy of containment and it indirectly aided the rebel forces of Afghanistan, i.e. the Taliban and Mujahhidins, to overthrow the communist regime. United States allied with Afghanistan along with Iran, China and Pakistan to carry out its objectives. Although the war ended in a stalemate, but the participating nations were involved because it served their interests. After 9/11 United States developed an interest of combat against terrorism and it suspected its former ally, Afghanistan or the Taliban, to be involved in the attacks on the WTO twin towers. The super power attacked Afghanistan due to a change in its interests and in fact it received support from its former enemy, Russia. In course of a decade, at first United States supported a nation and i n the end attacked and destroyed it. It took part in both occasions purely due to the reason of interests. It allied with nations that had similar interests and opposed those who had interests that were contradicting. Another example from modern History is the behavior of United States during the Iraq-Iran war of the 1980's. The Iraq – Iran war a typical example to show that interests are the main reason that a nation gets involved in any given situation. In course of the Persian Gulf War of... Free Essays on There Are No Permanent Allies, No Permanent Enemies Only Permanent Interests Free Essays on There Are No Permanent Allies, No Permanent Enemies Only Permanent Interests "There are no permanent allies, no permanent friends, only permanent interests", is a clichà © which quite often describes the behavior pattern of nations. This is because it is the interest of a nation that governs its behavior in a given situation. Therefore the interests of a nation remain paramount. The status allies and enemies keep changing depending on what suits the nations interest best. Modern history has several examples to prove the above stated point. The Afghanistan war of 1979 is a good example to prove it. Soviet Union had many interests in Afghanistan and one of them was to spread the theory of communism and make it one of its satellite nations. The United States was pursuing a policy of containment and it indirectly aided the rebel forces of Afghanistan, i.e. the Taliban and Mujahhidins, to overthrow the communist regime. United States allied with Afghanistan along with Iran, China and Pakistan to carry out its objectives. Although the war ended in a stalemate, but the participating nations were involved because it served their interests. After 9/11 United States developed an interest of combat against terrorism and it suspected its former ally, Afghanistan or the Taliban, to be involved in the attacks on the WTO twin towers. The super power attacked Afghanistan due to a change in its interests and in fact it received support from its former enemy, Russia. In course of a decade, at first United States supported a nation and i n the end attacked and destroyed it. It took part in both occasions purely due to the reason of interests. It allied with nations that had similar interests and opposed those who had interests that were contradicting. Another example from modern History is the behavior of United States during the Iraq-Iran war of the 1980's. The Iraq – Iran war a typical example to show that interests are the main reason that a nation gets involved in any given situation. In course of the Persian Gulf War of...

French Webquest

French Webquest Language classes are as fun or as boring as the teacher and students make them. Grammar drills, vocabulary tests, and pronunciation labs are the basis of many successful language classes, but its also good to incorporate some creative interaction, and projects can be just the thing.A webquest is an interesting project for French classes or for independent studiers looking to spice up their self-instruction. This project is perfect as a long-term activity for intermediate and advanced students, though it can also be adapted for beginners.ProjectResearch various topics related to French, to be shared as a paper, website, and/or oral presentationInstructions Decide whether students will work individually or in groupsReview my list of potential subjects, below, and decide whether students will choose their own topic(s) or be assignedExplain the purpose of a webquest: to gather information via the internet that will be shared in whatever format(s) the teacher chooses. If a website is desired, consider having students use the PowerPoint templates provided on Abouts Presentation Software site, which are accompanied by detailed, step-by-step instructionsExplain about plagiarism and the importance of citing sources. For example, students are welcome to link to any of the material on this or other websites, but should not copy text to their own sites or in their papers.Pass out a list of required/optional sections, the desired length, and any other guidelinesStudents do the webquest, then write up reports, create websites, and/or prepare oral presentationsAfter all presentations, students could write a summary or comparison of other presentatio ns TopicsTopic(s) can be assigned by the teacher or chosen by the students. Each student or group can do an in-depth study of one topic, such as the Acadà ©mie franà §aise, or a comparison of two or more topics, such as the difference between the Acadà ©mie franà §aise and the Alliance franà §aise. Or they might choose several topics and just answer a few questions about each of them. Here are some possible topics, with a few basic questions to consider - the teacher and/or students should use this just as a starting point. Acadà ©mie franà §aise: What is this organization? When was it created? Has its purpose changed over time?Alliance franà §aise: What is this organization? When was it created? Has its purpose changed over time?Celebrations and Holidays: What are some important holidays in France and other French-speaking countries? How do they compare to your countrys holidays?Differences between French and English: What are some key differences?Fluency: What is fluency? Why is it hard to define?French in English: How has French influenced English?French-Speaking Celebrities: Choose several celebrities and explain why they speak FrenchFrench Gestures: Are any similar to those in your country? Are any the same gesture with a different meaning?Introduction to French: How did French evolve? What languages is it related to?Jobs Using French: What kind of work is speaking French useful for?Living Working in France: How can a person live and work in France?Moroccan Culture: What are some interesting as pects of Moroccan culture? Is there anything shocking?La Nà ©gritude: What is Nà ©gritude? How and where did it evolve? Who were the trois pà ¨res? Who were some other key participants?Register: What are the various French registers? Provide examples of words in each oneThe Rude French: Are the French rude? Why or why not? Where does this stereotype come from?Spanish vs French: How are they similar/different? Is one easier than the other?Translation and Interpretation : What is the difference? How are they similar?Verlan: What is it?What is French? Facts and Figures: Where is French spoken? By how many people?What Is the Best Way to Learn French?: Compare and contrast the various methodsWhy learn French: How can it help you? Notes The collective webquests will offer an extensive collection of material about French, which can be shared with other teachers, parents, and potential students.

Non-Conformity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Non-Conformity - Essay Example the people which conforms to certain predefined and subtle social control that directly correlates with the values and value system of the person and his environment. Thus, non conformity of human behavior and human interaction often provokes wide ranging ratifications for the society as a whole. The pros and con of non conformity can be described as follows. The non conformity can broadly be defined as behavior or actions that do not follow some predefined dictum of the society. The person displays unique characteristics and creativity in his or her actions that have significant impact on other people. The non conformist therefore, leads a life that is dramatically different and becomes a leader to a unique culture. While the normal human behavior tends to follow a rational approach, conforming to the wider welfare of the people, the non conformist is highly indigenous in his actions and thoughts and follows his instincts to blaze a new trail of innovation and path breaking ideas. Oprah Winfrey dared to follow her dreams and overcame adversities to show that a person can rise above the conformity of race and gender to become successful. Liberty of thought and actions are important part of non conformity. People who are non conformist like to experiment with radical ideas which could result in path breaking inventions or discoveries that could significantly impact human lives. Indeed, the development of society is based on the revolutionary ideas of the few which has significantly impacted the restructuring of social fabric in a more rationale manner. Mills has been very vocal on the issue of liberty of thought because he believed that it promotes the conception and inception of new ideas which are intrinsic part of development, which every society undergoes through the time. ‘No one can be a great thinker who does not recognize, that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead... we can expect no fresh start,

The American Economic System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The American Economic System - Assignment Example In communism, the government owns almost all economic resources and the people work to contribute to the benefit of the society. Since the for governments in the command economies decide the products that will be produced, usually considering the need of the government only, the consumer has the greatest influence in the capitalist economy. The four economic questions are: what goods and services, and how much of each, will be produced; how will these goods and services be produced; for whom will these goods and services be produced; and who owns and who controls the major factors of production. In a free enterprise economy, the individuals or businesses are free to answer each question within the limit of the laws of the government. The consumer has a voice in answering these questions by demanding that specific products are offered. Without a demand, there is no production in a capitalist economy. The government simply looks out for the best interests of the consumer and ensures that competition can exist within each industry for businesses to grow and prosper. There are four types of competition that include perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly competition, and a monopoly. Perfect competition exists where there are many buyers and sellers of a product and no single buyer or seller is powerful enough to impact the price of the product. Monopolistic competition exists where there are many buyers and sellers, but the sellers all provide a similar product and using product differentiation to compete.   An oligopoly is a situation where there are few, very large sellers.   Although the number of competitors is low, it takes high investments to compete in this market.   Lastly, a monopoly is where there is only one seller and the seller is likely able to control the price of the product.  

21st century medication treatments. and 1960's medication treatments Research Paper

21st century medication treatments. and 1960's medication treatments - Research Paper Example has remained the same throughout the years, the ways of providing such treatment have changed, with the development of more efficient ways and medication to do so. Some diseases, which were previously thought to be untreatable, can now  be  more easily treated  than  before, and these include some mental disorders. In this paper, there shall be a comparison of the way treatments were done in the 1960s and how they are handled in the contemporary period. Among the areas to be discussed, include the medication that is given to patients, therapies, the various types of surgeries, and several minor treatments. In the twenty first century, there are medications for almost every medical condition, which is known to medical practitioners. These medications are based on a long period of research, and most have been proven to work extremely efficiently. Many of these medications have been designed to treat ailments and are continuously being improved to achieve the best result. However, most of the medications that are used in the twenty first century are dedicated to medical conditions, which are currently prevalent, and rarely are medications developed to deal with diseases that are thought to have been eradicated. This is highly risky because it enables such diseases as smallpox, which was thought to have been eradicated, to form new strains, which would be virtually untreatable using modern medicine. Despite this, it can still be said that contemporary medications have exceedingly improved the lives of people, and it has enabled people to lead normal lives despite some severe conditions wh ich they might have (Hitron 243). Medications in the 1960s were not advanced, as those used in the twenty first century, because  the technology used for their development was not advanced. However, it is during this period that research on various medical conditions began to be conducted so that cures could be found. It can be said that the medications used in the 1960s were still in

Handlin vs. McNeill Essay Example for Free

Handlin vs. McNeill Essay Although events in history occurred over a long span of time and development, history first became an academic subject a little more than 100 years ago (McNeill 12). Since then, a plethora of controversies appeared regarding how historians, scholars, and intellectuals should examine and analyze history. Among the initial methods of studying history was the scientific research method, or scientific source criticism, which fundamentally extracts valid, legitimate facts from a diverse range of historical sources. Throughout time, however, the facts derived from this method of historical study gradually altered, leading to a new method of historical study: using facts and combining them with opinions and goals to constitute personal interpretations. As Oscar Handlin zealously asserts, historians and scholars should provide a strict examination of history based on a chronological study of known and verifiable facts as opposed to using verifiable facts as the basis for their own interpretation, influenced by their own group, experiences, beliefs, and personal motives. Through implementing a strict examination of history, historians can successfully detect and eradicate bias in their writings, allow the government as well as individuals to gain an insight into the past in order to secure and progress the future, and grasp the magnitude of truth. First, because strict examination of history based on a chronology and conclusive evidence can aid in discerning bias from genuine fact, historians should utilize the scientific method of research. Although Oscar Handlin admits that historians are never totally free of bias (7), he does claim that removing facts from interpretations eliminates bias, opinionated statements, and fiction from history, which is supposedly the chief goal and use of history (Handlin 5). On the contrary, when scholars employ William McNeills method of investigating history through interpretation, biased and one-sided analyses emerge, and, therefore, scholars may elasticize actual truth to suit their purpose. Historians who use interpretation to depict history are likely to select facts to show that we-whoever we may be-conform to our cherished principles (McNeill 16). Consequently, a fusion between fact and bias results, distorting the truth and leading to ignorance. Take, for instance, the example of Christopher Columbus. When examined through strict examination based on chronology and evidence,  historians determine truths including the fact that Columbuss voyages increased Europes rate of expedition to the Americas and the fact that Columbus contributed to the horrifying genocide of Native Americans. These derived facts provide insight into two perspectives of Columbus, and so, it diminishes the threats of bias. However, when explored through interpretations to suit purpose or please the audience, historians exaggerate Columbuss prominence by omitting the negative perspective mentioned above and using overarching descriptions, verifying the detriments of bias. Essentially, the scientific method of research assists historians in limiting the bias and opinion used in their writing to produce exact facts that do not serve to please the audience. In conclusion, when historians adhere to a specific study of history founded on chronology and corroborative facts, they can locate truth amidst clouds of speculation, myth, opinion, and bias, and they can use this truth to advance the human race. Rummaging through the treasure chest of historical sources and only selecting the jewels of absolute truth can facilitate the process of abolishing partiality and attaining objectivity and allow humans to use the past as a tool for enhancing the future. Handlin aggressively proclaims, Truth is absolute; it is as absolute as the world is real (5). If historians truly possess profound feelings and support for the success of humanity, it is crucial that they acknowledge Handlins statement. If McNeills views are adopted and excessively used, however, absolute truth and its advantageous properties may be lost forever, masked by interpretations involving a blend of fact, fiction, and ideology. By working in accordance and using the scientific method of research, humans can conquer subjective interpretations and win the war against faction-a combination of fact and fiction (Handlin 8).

What Montag Learned in Fahrenheit 451 :: Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451

Simplicity vs. Reality Above all things, Montag loved to burn. It was pleasurable for him to set aside his ignorance, watching as the little papery ashes shrivel up, and wisp into the air like fireflies. But that was before he took the time to ask why. Montag had to ask himself why he was burning these books, when he didn’t even know what they were. So he decided to take action and read them. Where he lives, this is illegal. Reading these books brought misfortune, like loosing his wife, house, and being forced to become a nomad. But he also benefited from this. By reading these books and ruining his life he also gained many things. A few of these are knowledge, feelings, and understanding. Gaining this knowledge is the very thing that ruined his life, though it gave him a sense of meaning. Through all of this Montag learns the information he finds in the books was what he needed all along. The life he was living was a lie. He was an ant to his society, and it must have come as a relief to finally realize he was no longer being controlled by his lack of intelligence. Throughout this story as I started to become more familiar with the characters I noticed something quite unusual. In essence, the people around Montag only have two basic feelings, happiness and sadness. All these people ever know is that they want to be happy and they don’t care at what cost. They don’t have any knowledge or understanding of the way things work and that’s exactly what their government wants for them, because as soon as you have knowledge and understanding you start having more in depth emotions and begin asking questions, which leads to trying to makes changes. This causes complication, and that’s just the sort of thing they cannot allow in their simple, ant-like society. Montag gets feeling from the books, and the feelings he gets motivates him to do what’s right. Even if everyone else around him is self centered, they only care about their own happiness. In chapter One Clarisse asks Montag if he’s happy. She makes it seem like such an easy question, while in fact it’s one of the hardest questions he has ever had to ask himself. The truth is that Montag doesn’t understand what true happiness is. All he knows is that he needs to make some drastic changes, and Montag doesn’t even know how.

Montessori Language Rationale Essay

Language, simply put, is a system of symbols with an agreed upon meaning that is shared within a group of individuals. Maria Montessori understood that children have to learn language, that it is not inborn. She also understood the adolescent mind has a long sensitive period for language. Because language is deeply connected to the process of thinking, the child will need to be spoken to and listened to often. Each child learns language at their own rate and pace. There can be different factors, such as a child learning multiple languages at once. Most often, with little effort, the child will be able to learn oral language by being in an environment that fosters conversation. Early on, toddlers will begin to make intentional sounds, â€Å"At one year of age the child says his first intentional word†¦his babbling has a purpose, and this intention is a proof of conscious intelligence†¦He becomes ever more aware that language refers to his surroundings, and his wish to master it consciously becomes also greater†¦.Subconsciously and unaided, he strains himself to learn, and this effort makes his success all the more astonishing.† (The Absorbent Mind, p. 111) Most children by the age of two will have a rapid growth in language comprehension. Towards the end of the second year the child is able to combine two or more words into basic sentences, â€Å"Every child†¦bur sts out with a number of words all perfectly pronounced. And all this occurs at the end of the second year of his life.† (The Absorbent Mind, p. 103) The directress plays the most important role by giving objects labels within the environment. It is essential that all language be given to a child within a context. The child needs to know the names, labels, and the meaning of things in the environment in order for them to have relevancy, â€Å"At about a year and a half, the child discovers another fact, and that is that each thing has its own name.† (The Absorbent Mind, p.113) This allows the child to see and understand the greater picture of things and gives things meaning. Once the greater picture is achieved, it can then be broken down into smaller details. The Montessori language materials isolate elements of language and offer  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœportals’ for the children in the exploration of language. Maria crafted the materials to be presented to the child in the same manner in which they learn oral language, starting with nouns, articles, adverbs, etc. After a new concept is presented to the child, there should always be a return to the original environmental language using storytelling, poetry, storybooks and everyday speech. This allows the child to clearly see how the new concept is applied, with context, in our world. The Montessori preliminary language exercises give the child the vocabulary for objects in the immediate environment. Three part cards with appropriate terminology are a wonderful material to introduce new vocabulary for nouns. Sandpaper letters are a great tool to introduce the child to the sounds of alphabet. Puzzles may also be placed on the shelf, for they indirectly teach the left to right reading style. By the time the absorbent mind of the child has reached the age of six, they will come to understand that the sounds and words have meaning and that these symbols can be used in writing.  The Montessori curriculum helps the child develop writing skills through many materials. Tracing the sandpaper letters, working with the movable alphabet, metal insets, as well as using the sand tray, all help teach letter formation. A silent helper in the Montessori classroom is the practical life area. In the practical life area, you will find many jobs that indirectly teach proper pincer g rip for holding a pencil. Introduction to reading comes through phonetic reading boxes. The reading boxes are cleverly organized, going from simple to the complex. Reading does not follow the same process of writing, which is taking our own thoughts and symbolizing. When we read, it is not our language with which we are working with, it is the author’s language. Reading is the analysis of the language followed by a synthesis. Story telling and socio-dramatic play in the environment can help the child develop an imagination that fosters a higher capability to understand what is being read to them. The Montessori language program is like no other. With a prepared Montessori environment, the child can flourish in orally, in their handwriting, and  lastly in their reading.

Abortion in India

Abortion in India is more common than those would think, quite often a daily occurrence. In India, abortions are completely common because women are quite often having abortions after finding out the sex of the child. Not only is aborting a certain sex frowned upon, but the abortions given in India are often extremely poorly done because of the lack of trained professionals. Abortion in India should be more safe and sterile, while also done by properly trained professionals whom specialize in this area.Unfortunately in India the situation involving trained doctors and nurses for safe abortions is highly lacking making it much harder to provide for those in need of an abortion. Due to that other physicians and nurses get trained to provide medical abortions. â€Å"Abortion has been legalized in India for the past three decades† which made it possible to have medical and or surgical abortions available (Sarala Gopalan). Along with that came the complications of aborting certain sexes causing the passing of a law â€Å"India passed a law in 1994 making it illegal to abort a fetus based on its sex† (Kirkey).That law was passed because many Indian people were having children, trying to have a boy and when not successful would get an abortion. Quite often most of these abortions happened to be an unhealthy or unsafe abortion â€Å"Unsafe abortions constitute a major threat to the health and lives of women† (Sarala Gopalan). The result of an unsafe abortion can end up with terrible outcomes such as incomplete abortion, sepsis, haemorrhage, and damage to internal organs. The most major result of an unsafe abortion can result in the person receiving the abortion to die.

Psychology Term Paper A Complete Guide

Psychology Term Paper A Complete Guide A term paper is a common format of academic writing psychology students encounter in college. It is a research paper of significant size (normally up to 6000 words) that is assigned in the beginning of a term to be written over its duration, either individually or in a group. It should contain original research and detailed discussion of its subject matter, providing evidence in support of the writer’s point. Writing a good term paper will account for a large portion of your grade, so it pays to put every effort into it. In this psychology term paper writing guide, we will discuss the proper order of organizing your work on such assignments. Selecting a Topic Unlike essays whose topics are normally simply assigned to you, you can usually choose a topic of your term paper yourself (albeit in collaboration with your tutor). As you are going to spend the better part of the next term working on it, it pays to tread carefully here. Don’t choose a topic without thinking, hoping to find the necessary information later on – when the time comes, you may find out that the job is too challenging, and it will be too late to ask your tutor to change the topic. Try finding a topic of personal interest. It is not just that writing about something that fascinates you is easier – the quality of your writing is always directly proportional to how interested you are in the subject matter. At this point you probably won’t be able to single out a specific topic, so try to at least mark a general area (e.g., symptoms and treatment of depression); If you cannot think of something specific, try reviewing available literature using an online database (e.g., PsycInfo). This may inspire you to narrow the topic down to something more manageable and will show what sources you can base your research on; Narrow the topic down but don’t overdo it, or you risk ending up with a topic without relevant sources to use; Check if your topic contains a direct or implied question. You don’t write a report on someone else’s research, you are expected to do individual work and come up to your own conclusions, and for that you need to have a question to begin with. E.g., â€Å"Symptoms of a Histrionic Personality Disorder† is not a very good topic as it calls for a simple enumeration of symptoms. â€Å"Potential of Using Gestalt Therapy in Treatment of Histrionic Personality Disorder† is better, because it implies a question: Is gestalt therapy effective for that purpose? Discuss the topic with your tutor. If the topic you’ve come up with is off, he will be able to point it out and suggest alterations that will make it easier to write and to find the necessary information. In the end, you should get a topic that is both sufficiently broad to provide a lot of source materials to build upon and narrow enough to let you exhaustively study it within your word limit. Here are some examples: Situational Variables of Human Behaviors as Seen in Stanford Prison Experiment; Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder: Causes of Misdiagnosis and Ways to Prevent It; Comparative Efficiency of Treatments for Reactive Attachment Disorder in Children; Externalizing and Extroversion: Distinctions and Similarities; Conditioning Theory in Explaining Placebo Effect. Doing Your Research As a psychology researcher, you should learn to read and analyze sources critically for at least three reasons: To create valuable work you have to be well-versed in the subject matter; Through learning how to notice weak spots in papers of other researchers you will become better prepared to finding them in your writing, thus turning into a critical reader of your own work; Not all sources are equally valuable, and you have to learn how to differentiate between them to avoid relying too much on untrustworthy information. Remember – more sources is not always better by definition. From the abundance of information on the subject you should only choose what will be helpful in establishing the truth. Here are some ways to find information sources: Reading list. If you are given one by your tutor, start with it – it likely contains the most pertinent information on the subject; Online databases. PsycInfo and PubMed are the two most widely databases used in the field of psychology. More general ones like Google Scholar and Academic Search Premier can also be of help; Reference sections. Start with your textbook and go through all the sources you’ve found by other means. Here are the questions you should ask yourself when reading and analyzing every information source you deal with: Does the author have an agenda? Every paper is written to advance a certain point of view, but in some cases, an author may be blinded by his goal to do so and intentionally twist, conceal or fabricate evidence to promote his position. If the author has an obvious or implicit bias, it greatly decreases the value of the work as evidence. Is the author’s methodology sound? Students are often tempted to skip the Methodology section of a research paper, but it is very important in establishing the value of evidence. Check if the author’s methods are appropriate and relevant for the question he tries to answer. Is the author’s statistical analysis appropriate? Again, you may be tempted to skip this section (especially if you haven’t yet taken a statistics course), but even those without special training can glean important insights from statistical data. Does this information corroborate the author’s hypothesis? Are his conclusions logical? What is the amount of evidence supporting the conclusion? In psychology, just like in many other disciplines, empirical studies often report contradictory results. That is why a single study or experiment doesn’t automatically become evidence unless it is replicated multiple times. And if an author makes sweeping generalizations at a slightest provocation, he is likely to be biased. Is this information evidence? The fact that that author states something doesn’t make it evidence. Moreover, different disciplines have different standards of what is to be considered evidence. For example, in social sciences logical and rhetorical conclusions are treated as viable evidence. In psychology, however, these are considered are nothing more than personal opinions that have no value without being corroborated by empirical evidence. Writing Your Psychology Term Paper Psychology writing has many similarities to what you have previously learned in expository writing: you are expected to study an idea, investigate the available evidence, produce a thesis, support it with convincing and well-founded evidence and be ready to objections and corrections from your audience. However, there are differences. Psychology writing is based on the standards of American Psychological Association publication style. In addition to a host of formatting requirements (which you can learn on case-by-case basis using the publication manual), there are three general principles: clarity, conciseness and accuracy. As a result, psychology writing is supposed to be easy to read even for non-experts, straightforward so as to eliminate potential misunderstandings and devoid of redundancies. The main goal of psychology writing is information transfer with minimal distractions. Thesis Statement A thesis statement is a short summary of the main point of your paper (e.g., the claim you want to prove or disprove), usually limited to a single sentence. Thesis statement is different from topic – a topic is a general area of your investigation. A thesis statement is a claim or a viewpoint related to the topic. For example, â€Å"Correlation between time of diagnosis and necessary depression treatment methods† is a topic. â€Å"Early diagnosis of depression may prevent the need for medication-based treatment† is a thesis statement. Sometimes you have a basic idea of what you are going to write about and what you will try to prove before you do any research; sometimes you will have to review available literature before you can formulate your idea. Having an idea for thesis statement to begin with is useful because it limits the scope of your searches and motivates you to proceed. However, don’t feel obliged to stick to it. Remember, you are a researcher, and your thesis should be supportable by empirical evidence. If you start finding evidence to the contrary, change your thesis statement accordingly. A quality thesis statement is based on existing research done by other people but goes further than just summarizing and reiterating their findings. It should contain something new, something that is not immediately apparent from the topic itself. For example, â€Å"Bipolar disorder severely influences patient’s quality of life† is so obvious that writing a term paper about it has no sense. Here are some good ideas for thesis statements: Criticize an existing theory or hypothesis or offer your own that is better supported by your findings; Combine information from several topics that aren’t usually connected with each other to come to unexpected conclusions about them; Compare and contrast two or more theories on the subject and make a conclusion which one has more basis in empirical data; Point out a correlation between factors or a trend in statistical data that wasn’t noticed by other researchers. Outline Outline is a plan of your paper: here you jot down its basic structure, make notes of what you should mention at each moment and how to connect points with each other. It should contain the following: Main points of your argument; Evidence you will use to back up each point; How you address potential objections to each point; How you explain evidence that contradicts your points; Everything you will use to tie parts of the paper together: transition words and phrases, subtitles, etc. Body Paragraphs Body of the paper is where you say what you intended to say. Usually students consider it the main part of their work, but it is only true for those who haven’t done proper research. If you’ve carefully studied your sources, made notes and prepared a detailed outline, writing the body paragraphs turns into simple putting of already prepared content onto paper in an orderly form. It means that you should proceed in a uniform fashion: introduce a new point – provide empirical evidence to support it – address potential contradictions and objections – recap the point and relate it to the thesis statement of the paper or a current section. There are a few other principles you should follow: Consider your audience to be intelligent novices in the field of psychology. That is, assume that they have knowledge of general psychology but aren’t well-read in any particular branch of the science. Don’t explain the most basic terminology but provide the necessary background when you get deeper into specifics. Be as concise as possible. The fewer words you use, the better. However, don’t strive to achieve complete brevity in your first draft – that is what revision is for. Avoid emotionally charged language. You are writing a scientific paper, not a novel or poetry. Make your words as neutral and objective as possible. Make sure you define the most important terms relevant to your field of study or introduce them in context that makes their meaning immediately obvious. If a term has more than one meaning or connotation, specify which one you use in your work (e.g. â€Å"Aggression, for the purposes of this work, will be defined as any instance of unmotivated physical attack of one person upon another†). Don’t overload your writing with direct quotations. Remember that opinions of other scholars aren’t considered to be evidence in psychology. You should concentrate on documented facts and results of observations, not on what other people write about them. Try to rephrase quotations so that they are integrated into the flow of text more smoothly. Don’t use footnotes and endnotes. According to APA style guide, if information is important enough for understanding a point, it should be introduced directly into the body of the paper. If it isn’t that important, it shouldn’t be used altogether. Don’t write in first person. Phrases â€Å"I think† or â€Å"I suppose† shouldn’t be used in scientific writing. Revising Your Paper: Steps Our Academic Writers Make The first draft never turns out the way you’ve envisioned your paper. When you’ve finished writing the last line your work isn’t yet done, because revision is just as important a part of it as research and writing per se. If you have time to spare, leave your term paper alone for at least 24 hours. Immediately after finishing a paper you are too used to it and tend to skim over entire phrases, missing mistakes and flaws. Ask for a second opinion. Get somebody whom you trust to read your paper and ask for constructive criticism. It may be anybody – a friend, a relative, a roommate, a peer from the Writing Center. You don’t necessarily have to follow all the recommendations and comments he makes, but they will give you a much-needed perspective on your work. Check your paper for clarity. Read it as if you were seeing it for the first time and ask yourself if you would understand it were it written by somebody else. Check logical connections. Do your arguments naturally follow from one another? Do they really prove what they are supposed to be proving? Eliminate unnecessary words. Psychology values succinct writing, so remove every word, sentence, paragraph or even a section if it doesn’t move your point forward. Read your paper aloud. It is an old yet effective method for singling out fragments that don’t work, sound wrong or don’t serve any purpose; Don’t hesitate to rewrite huge swathes of your paper if you feel it will improve it; Check your paper for consistency with the APA style guide. Only practice can teach you how to write excellent psychology papers consistently, but with this guide, you will have sufficient groundwork to get you started.